Middle Ages And Literature Essays - Holy Grail, Narrative Poems

Medieval times And Literature Medieval times saw numerous turns of events and new patterns, yet none so evidently as the advancements saw in the Language and Literature of that time. It started with the Norman Conquest: persuasive french words fill in for the unforgiving saxon reciprocals, principally in the upper degrees of society. Writing started to mirror these adjustments in the language, and kept on developing all through the Renissance. Together, these perspectives characterized the Middle Ages. The Norman Success occurred in 1066 with the demise of King Edward. William of Normandy, later to be reffered to as The Conquerer, battled King Harold so as to guarantee the crown in Britian. Succeeding, William incorporated Norman life into the Early English culture, gathering in the higher courts and plitical scene. This incorporation of the Norman culture at that point sifted down to the underclass. The formative patterns of the English Language can be plainly found in the writing of the time. Geoffrery Chaucer, who's works were an antecedent to the Renissance, composed The Canterbury Tales, an assortment of stories set inside a confining story of a journey to Canterbury Cathedral, the place of worship of Saint Thomas Becket. The artist joins a band of travelers, clearly portrayed in the Prologue, who amass at the Tabard Inn outside London for the excursion to Canterbury. Extending in status from a Knight to an unassuming Plowman, they are a point by point perspective on fourteenth century English society. Another brief look into the life of Center England was made by William Langland, who was as far as anyone knows the creator of the strict purposeful anecdote known as Piers Plowman, considered one of the best English sonnets of medieval occasions. This work parodies defilement among the pastorate what's more, the common specialists, and maintains the respect and estimation of work, spoken to by Piers Plowman. Sir Thomas Malory, an interpreter and compiler, was the creator of the principal incredible English exposition epic, Le morte d'Arthur. It is accepted that he was an English knight of Warwickshire and spent numerous years in jail for political offenses and urban violations. Le morte d'Arthur was as far as anyone knows made while the creator was in jail. It is an arrangement and interpretation from old French wellsprings of the vast majority of the stories about the amazing Arthur, ruler of the Britons, and his knights. The work is loaded up with empathy for human shortcomings and rememberance of the times of valor. His works are trailed by John Wycliffe, who picked up unmistakable quality in 1374 during a delayed question between Edward III, lord of England, and the papacy over the installment of a specific ecclesiastical tribute. Both the lord and Parliament were hesitant to pay the ecclesiastical duties. Wycliffe composed a few flyers disproving the pope's cases and maintaining the right of Parliament to constrain church power. The development of towns and societies made a difference to spread the new patterns saw in the Middle Ages. With towns, society was concentrated, empowering the spread of the new dialect and culture. Societies at that point brought individuals with comparable gifts together, giving the perfect conditions for new developments to emerge. One such development urgent to the improvement of writing and language when all is said in done was the print machine. Created by Johann Gutenberg of Germany, the print machine permitted attempts to be replicated and conveyed as a group. William Caxton, the primary British bloke to open a print machine, assisted with the transmission of new thoughts in the Middle Ages, introducing the Renissance. Caxton was answerable for the printing of a considerable lot of the celebrated works of Middle Age creators, including Sir Thomas Malory's Le morte d'Arthur. In this manner, it is promptly appearent that the Middle Ages of English history was a urgent time in the advancement of the English language and the writing to follow. Without such advancements saw underway of Chaucer, Wycliffe, and Malory, the writing that followed, for example, the works of William Shakespeare, would not have been conceivable.

Bibliographical Study of Giovanni Boccaccio Essay

Bibliographical Study of Giovanni Boccaccio - Essay Example Giovanni Boccaccio spent his childhood in the slopes about Settignago in the forested areas over the Mensola and the valley of the Affrico. There is little data accessible with respect to his initial years. As indicated by the compositions of Giovanni , he had the option to peruse and compose at seven years old, further with Giovanni di Domenico Mazzuoli da Strada he started the investigation of sentence structure. (Hutton, E. 12) After that Giovanni was set to examine Mathematics and the more he thought about bookkeeping and accounting, the more he loathed it. As yet planning to see the child prosperous in an old style way, Giovanni’s father sent him Naples to turn into a shipper. Giovanni composes later, that â€Å"If my dad had managed me I may have been among the extraordinary poets.† (Hutton, E. 19) Either thusly or different, Giovanni wound up considering law, which, as it appears, he delighted in not any more at that point banking. The concentrating of the law pe rmitted him to set up great contact with understudies. Humanists Barbato da Sulmona and Giovanni Barrili, and the scholar Dionigi da San Sepolcro ought to be underlined with regards to talking about the early impacts of Boccaccio. Giovanni figured out how to endure his stepmother until the occasion, when she brought forth his stepbrother †Francesco. The impressions of Giovanni back on his adolescence appear to be loaded up with misery and distress. (Hutton, E. 15-20). Boccaccio saw Maria d'Acquino, a wedded lady and common little girl of King Robert, in 1334 just because. The lady was the motivation of his initial works, when coming into his life, she never left him. The brilliant hair, sparkling eyes, and the milk-white skin, her adoration was the best prize of his childhood. (Hutton, E. 30) Even however the way that Boccaccio discovered his motivation in a lady can barely be questioned, still there is no documental confirmation that Maria at any point existed and was not a re sult of wild creative mind of perhaps the best author that had ever existed. The motivation behind why specific thought ought to be given to the early long stretches of Boccaccio and his first sentimental love is that these occasions pre-decided his further life. Maria acquainted Boccaccio with court and consolidated him to compose. 2. Petrarch: Lifelong Friend and Teacher Subsequent to being gotten back to by father to Florence in 1341, Boccaccio met his deep rooted companion and ace Petrarch. Without a doubt, since the time the second in 1350, when Boccaccio met Petrarch, he was under his impact. This brought about a

Media’s Sexualization of Children :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

 â â One extremely upsetting pattern in style, publicizing, and especially as of late in the music business is the sexualization of kids, particularly young ladies. They are continually depicted as sexual personifications of grown-ups. At times, little youngsters are depicted sparse clad. In yet others, they are wearing such outfits and copying sexual stances. In different cases, a youngster or youthful grown-up is wearing an approach to cause her to seem more youthful. She might be wearing a team promoter uniform, a school-young lady uniform, she might be presenting gripping a soft toy, or with dolls, and so on and she is regularly presented in a sexual manner. Britney Spears is the most eminent case of this. The then seventeen-year-old wore a little school young lady uniform total with ponytails for her Child One More Time video. Notwithstanding, that uniform pullover was attached to uncover her mid-float and her skirt was stopped. There are a wide assortment of pictures of Britney Spears accessible, especially on the web. It's very upsetting to flip through these photos and see one of Miss Spears remaining close to a school transport grinning pleasantly, at that point one of her in a small team promoter outfit lying provocatively in the bed of a truck, and afterward one of her removing her garments. Her initial photos painted her as the young lady nearby type. Indeed, even the spread to her first collection was an image of her totally dressed and grinning pleasantly. Her photos and recordings at that point caught her as a school young lady sex little cat, causing her to seem more youthful, yet sexualizing her picture with small tops and s kirts.  Our mainstream society and our advanced society appear to accelerate the sexualization of little youngsters. We have an issue in our way of life and her name is Britney Spears. At the point when I state Britney Spears I mean, obviously, every one of her clones also, Christina Aguilera, Mandy Moore, Jessica Simpson, and so on. These young ladies are either under or float near the time of assent... These young ladies are showcased explicitly to preteen young ladies and they are not singing about sugar and flavor; they are singing about sex. Offer it to me/I'm so dependent on the caring that you're taking care of me/Ohhh/Can't manage without it, this current inclination has me feeble in the knees/Oh, infant/Body's in withdrawal each time you remove it/Ohhh/. (Kleinheider)

Psychology (humanistic counseling) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brain science (humanistic directing) - Essay Example Indeed, even the most exceptional PCs experience difficulty understanding the importance of a straightforward story or discussion. Psychological analysts have discovered comparable unpredictability in other mental procedures. Formative Psychology is the studyofchangesin human conduct and thought from earliest stages to mature age. Formative brain science is the investigation of how individuals change after some time, however it additionally researches how and why certain attributes stay steady over the existence course. A youngster changes drastically in size, physical coordination, and thinking limit while developing into a grown-up, for instance, however may likewise keep up a similar fundamental demeanor while growing up. Traditionally,developmental clinicians have concentrated on kid improvement, accepting that most developmental encounters of life happen during earliest stages and youth. The early years are without a doubt a period of amazingly quick turn of events, when youngsters gain engine aptitudes, thinking capacities, social abilities, capacities with respect to feeling and directing feeling, and different attributes that will endure forever. Yet, clinicians have all the more as of late directed their concentration toward puberty and adulthood, perceiving that advancement proceeds for the duration of the life expectancy. The investigation of grown-up advancement centers around the exceptional encounters of this phase of life and inspects how grown-ups keep up and refine their capacities as they age. Thestudyofhumandevelopment requires a particularly wide and integrative methodology. Along these lines, formative brain science joins thoughts from pretty much every other region of brain science, including social brain research, intellectual brain research, biopsychology, clinical brain science, and instructive brain science. It likewise draws from numerous different fields worried about human conduct. These incorporate humanism, science (particularly hereditary qualities and transformative science), human studies, and financial matters. The assortment of fields applicable to formative brain science mirrors the multifaceted nature of human development and change.(Microsoft Encarta 2007 1993-2006 ) 3. Organic Psychology Biopsychology, is thescientificstudy of the science of conduct and mental procedures. Individuals additionally allude to this field as organic brain research, psychobiology, social science, or conduct neuroscience. Thetermbiopsychology signifies a natural way to deal with brain science, instead of a mental way to deal with science. Most biopsychologists are prepared exploratory analysts who have carried their insight into science to the investigation of mental marvels. These marvels incorporate conduct and hidden mental procedures, for example, learning, memory, observation, consideration, inspiration, feeling, and discernment. Biopsychologistswork in an assortment of covering fields of study. Researchers in psychological neuroscience essentially study the cerebrum to comprehend the neural components of mental procedures. Analysts in the field of psychopharmacology analyze how medications influence the mental elements of the cerebrum. Researchers in the field of

Comparing Western and Chinese Business - Free Essay Example

Indeed, young professionals, business people as well as educated professionals seem likely to be the person who possess enough income and purchasing power for those Western brands and who will be the most receptive to new ideas and value the foreign dining experience. Western franchises operating in China can be more expensive, for Chinese people, than local brands but with a growing middle class, more people can afford it and are willing to pay more for a western brand than Chinese one for instance. Moreover, Western products are most of the time seen as premiums, in other words luxury goods and Chinese people from that middle class want to show off with them. Quality, convenience and customer service are attributes held in high esteem by increasingly sophisticated Chinese consumers, and those consumers are therefore sensitive to Western brands. China’s economic model is changing and it favours a growth of franchises. China is moving away from its traditional rol e as a heavy industry, low-wage society to a service economy dominated by a highly educated workforce, it will inevitably foster a culture of entrepreneurship that is extremely favourable to franchising. Chinese environments can be volatile and difficult to predict, they are riskier than the developed markets in which most multinational companies have traditionally operated, moreover, most Western multinational enterprises without a long history in the emerging world are ill-prepared to deal with the broader range and higher levels of risk they face. Indeed, doing business in China brings with it several challenges for the company. I agree that intellectual property issue is definitely a significant obstacle in China. Indeed, for Chinese people it seems acceptable to copy brands, concepts and products. Taking a successful concept and copy it is even view as innovative to them. It seems that Chinese people are not used to innovate, it does not seem to be in their culture and co nsequently not in their work life even more if we take the case of the SOE’s, where employees are not asked to think much but just to do their definite task. However I think Chinese people do have an entrepreneurship mind since I could observe many people selling a multiple of things in the streets as well as their selling and negotiating skills in shops. Nevertheless they seem to develop it more by copying than creating new things, which in my opinion also comes from Confucianism, which claims humility and not doing something if the person is not sure about it and if it will work, therefore innovate might appear too risky for them. In addition, I think potential franchisors must acknowledge the lack of confidentiality and the difficulty in controlling their brand image before entering the Chinese market. Management style between West and East is different; and I think managing a Western company by Chinese people can be difficult due to the different management style. I think it is time-consuming and expensive to train Chinese people to manage a Western franchise since Chinese people might not be used to this type of management and might not understand very well the concept and the rules set by the franchisor. In addition, the language barrier, the cultural distance between the West and China, and the fact that many Western brands are unknown in China, it seems clear to me that this is a challenging environment that requires careful consideration and planning. Moreover, I think Western franchisor should chose local manager with a high interest in the Western brand and its culture in order for the franchisee to understand better the concept and what the franchisor is expecting. Besides, if this is the case, the franchisee would not quit the position after he has been trained since he would be very interested in making effort to implement successfully something, which appeals to him, in his own country. Consequently, I would definitely suggest fo r the franchisor to find a good combination of a high skilled manager with special interest in the Western concept implemented in China. Despite the potential, doing business in China is difficult. Franchisors should seek local partners who can help them navigate the local business environment. A partner in the same industry with channels of distribution, industrial connections, and guanxi (personal connections) can greatly facilitate the success of the franchisor. Finally, it is clear that there are some major developments underway that will make franchising in China a much smoother ride. Laws and regulations are becoming more transparent, emerging lower-tier cities are fertile ground for the right franchise models, and young consumers are becoming hungry for well-known brands. I believe that it is recommended for a foreign company to enter the Chinese market initially having full control of its own stores in order to familiarise its personnel with the local market, unders tand its legal and industry specific complexities, and be well aware and prepared to handle any setback caused by a potential franchisee. The product includes overall experience that the restaurant provides. Franchisors may be more successful by emphasizing the â€Å"Western-ness† of their products, making standardization viable. Of course, some modifications are required to adapt to local tastes because assuming that what works for a mature market will work in China is not the right assumption. I think success comes from staying Westerner with the core international brand concept and product besides staying relevant to the needs of the Chinese consumers. Therefore, products’ improvement by adding special seasonings or Chinese ingredients to cater to Chinese tastes is important too. As Chinese people’s incomes improve, they are even more attracted to Western brands and most of all, the new generation of Chinese people likes to show off with international b rands, and this includes eating more as the European way, consequently, going to international fast-food chains. In the U. S., fast-food restaurants are a place where people can get food quickly. The food is usually tasty, but mostly unhealthy and low-priced. But in China, the same restaurants are viewed as upscale, trendy, and modern. Indeed, one can ask why people who want to eat Chinese food would go to KFC? Therefore, franchisors should be very careful in adapting their products to the Chinese markets. A good balance of standardized products and adapted products is important. Finding more Chinese dishes in International restaurant and not being able to buy the original dishes from the brand as they can see it in movies and series could disappoint Chinese people. Nowadays, international brands in China face a fierce competition with other Western brands as well as local competitors. The latter have implemented franchises with similar concepts to Westerner since they had time to see if those concepts were successful or not in the Chinese market and since they saw that Chinese consumers were keen on this type of fast foods’ concept, they implemented the same thing. Moreover, international franchises such as KFC will face obstacles such as newspapers titles chasing them and exacerbating wrong things they are doing in order for the government to make the population willing to boycott those international chains. Restaurant franchisors that miss the opportunity to enter China now will face intense competition from early entrants. It will be difficult for restaurant franchisors entering now to beat the scale and profitability of the already entrenched McDonalds and KFC. I think it is very important for Starbucks to target high traffic streets with demographics’ criteria, which fit with the concept; especially young people, aware of the Western brands and attitudes as they can see in the movies and series for example. Since these Wes tern brands are a symbol of modern lifestyle and sophistication, Chinese people are willing to pay more than for local brands and those products are even seen as luxury goods. Well-trained employees are essential to the success of a business. Unfortunately, in a bad economy, a business’ training budget is often the first thing cut. It may make sense at the time, but the long-term implications can far outweigh the immediate costs saved. Over time, a lack of training may reduce motivation levels and business inefficiencies and, most detrimentally, result in staff turnover. Therefore, I totally agree with Starbuck’s strategy to train intensively new employees and send the best one to new markets, which can spread the Starbucks culture among new employees, which will then be able to spread it to the consumers. Since recent generations in China are more and more aware of Western lifestyle, international brands, instead of just going right away to a Western franchis e, Chine people are starting to judge if a foreign brand can really bring something different to their lives. Foreign franchisors should therefore be able to invest heavily before they could see a return. Money investment of course, but more importantly, time and patience. As the Chinese economy currently turns down, one can wonder if the government is not pointing at big foreign companies doing wrong things so they can chase them. And in order for the consumers to favour local brands instead of going to those Western brands in particular. These types of articles are big news here, it seems that the Chinese controlled media is trying to make Chinese consumers aware of wrong things done by big international companies even though Chinese companies also do wrong thing

Definitions Of Terrorism Utilized - Free Essay Example

For centuries, fear has been used as a tactic to gain political power, oppress religious groups, and, in some cases, fight social injustice. The early first century Sicarii employed fear and murder in order to overthrow the Roman rule and gain religious freedom. In 1605, Guy Fawkes attempted to terrorize the House of Lords in England so that Roman Catholic persecution would end (Roser 1). While mass terror has been viewed as a low priority issue in the past, the alarming increase in terrorism over the past three decades has seized the attention of the world. These recent events have raised many public questions: What motivates terrorists to commit such egregious acts; and how can humanity combat an undefined enemy, and a suicidal one at that? Terrorism can be considered effective in the sense that its reverberations echo in the lives of the affected for as long as they live; despite this fact, the issue of moral justification arises. Some minority groups claim that there are certain circumstances in which terrorism is justifiable while many victims of grotesque acts of terror adamantly advocate the opposite; those who commit acts of terror are indeed monsters regardless of religious conviction or political motivation. How, exactly, is a terrorist defined? Due to the complexity of gathering data on terrorists and the perception of positive and negative sides of acts of terrorism, there is no universally agreed upon definition of terrorism. In fact, there are at least 22 legal definitions of terrorism utilized by the United States Government (Beck 1). A loose definition of a terrorist according to Colin J. Beck, a research student at Pomona College, is any individuals who target citizens and threaten national security (Beck 2). Another definition, used by the United States Government to determine terrorist organizations, limits terrorism to politically motivated violence against noncombatant targets (Beck 3). The inconsistencies in the definitions are important because they determine what groups of people are constantly watched by international governments and those who are simply ignored. The fact that there is no international definition of terrorism strengthens the terrorists movement because there can be no unified effort against those who would be internationally designated terrorists. In order to effectively analyze present-day terrorism, it is necessary to understand the origins of the issue and the motives of the perpetrator. One of the first know acts of terror was set off by religious tensions in first century Rome. Nestled in the pressure cooker of the Middle East, an elitist Jewish sect of Zealots known as the Sicarii opposed Roman rule and sought to instill terror in the hearts of law-abiding citizens. The Sicarii stabbed their victims with concealed daggers, thereby creating an uproar in a public area. After the killing, murderers would join in the cries of indignation in order to decrease suspicion and possibility of discovery (Roser 1). These undertakings, motivated by hatred for the anti-Jewish authorities, are comparable to present day terrorism in the Middle East. Another instance of past terrorism is the plot to destroy the House of Lords in England. A secret group of individuals conspired to upseat the ruling party in England in order to reinstate a Catholic Monarch (Roser 1). The plot, initiated by Robert Catesby, consisted of stockpiling numerous cases of gunpowder in a lower section of the English parliamentary house and igniting the cases when many lords and rulers were present in the chambers above. These religious motives justified the potentially devastating act in the eyes of the criminals, but upon further observation, this logic compromises the original intent. The terrorists in both situations sought to overthrow the powers over them in exchange for their own ideas of ruling in order to benefit the people they represent. These instances of early resistance and terror have defined pre-twentieth century terrorism (Roser 1). There is one event that has greatly altered United States national security in the past twenty years. Arguably the most infamous terrorist attack in recent history is the strike on the World Trade Center towers in New York City, New York on September 11, 2001. Most Americans know the details of this event but few know the stori es of two masterminds who planned the operation: Khalid Sheik Mohammed and Osama Bin Laden. One man was consumed with his religion while the other was consumed with achieving political goals. At one point in Khalid Sheikh Mohammeds life, he was a regular boy growing up in the middle east; however, when he was a teenager, he succumbed to the greatly politicized Muslim Brotherhood. Mohammed became obsessed with the concept of war on religions that oppose Islam at an early age and began to adopt severely anti-American values (Marks 5). Mohammed moved to the United States to pursue an Engineering degree; however, this was clearly not his ultimate goal. He fit the profile of a natural immigrant. Mohammed believed that the United States was weaker than many people suspected so he formed a plot to hijack planes and fly them into significant buildings. According to an interview with Osama Bin Laden, Mohammed was said to have liked the action when planning catastrophic events (Marks 6). He certainly thrived on September 11, 2001. Osama Bin Laden was quite the opposite of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. Laden was a devout follower of Islam, praying seven times a day and fasting twice a week at the age of 13 (Marks 6). In contrast with Mohammeds political motivations, Laden was largely motivated by a religious ideology. His steadfast belief in Islam drove him to lead an attack on one of his primary enemies: the United States (Bergen 2). The partnership between the two men culminated in one of the most devastating acts of terror in recent history. The process Mohammed and Laden went through as younger boys is now known as radicalization and can be defined by favoring extreme changes in existing views, habits, conditions, or institutions (radical def. 3.1.b). Radicalization is a tactic employed by many terrorist organizations to gain new recruits and can also explain some of the motivations of present-day terrorists. Contrary to popular belief, terrorists are predominantly motivated by political goals rather than religious agendas or otherwise (Roser 1). A psychologist from Pennsylvania State University found common strands between persons who are susceptible to radicalization and terrorist recruitment. Two frequent characteristics are those of perceived disenfranchizement and victimization (DeAngelis 1).

Jeremy Bentham And Utilitarianism Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 342 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Ethics Essay Level High school Tags: Utilitarianism Essay Did you like this example? The most significant philosopher in Utilitarianism is Jeremy Bentham Jeremy is considered as the founder of Utilitarianism. He was impact by the thinking of human nature of Hobbes and Humes account of social utility. Bentham was born in a family of Conservative lawyers in Spitalfields in East London. He is considered a child prodigy, because he was a beginner walking child who had read the vast history of England at his fathers desk and began to learn Latin at the age of three. After graduating from Westminster High School, Bentham entered Queens College of Oxford in 1760 and received his bachelors and masters degrees in 1763 and 1766. He studied law and was qualified as a lawyer in 1769, but he quickly became tired of the lack of a rational foundation in British law. He believes that British law is a matter of fact and subjective. He hopes that the guiding principles of law can draw on nutrition from science, rather than being dominated by pure privilege, selfishness, and superstition as in the 18th century. After obtaining the permission and help of his father, Bentham began to study the law and handwritten the book. However, the early struggle of the Brigade alone did not affect much. It was not until the early 19th century that he devoted himself to social policy and the specific practical work of the government. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Jeremy Bentham And Utilitarianism Theory" essay for you Create order Benthams great dream is to establish a perfect and comprehensive legal system, a Pannomion. Trying to make the universal and perfect legal eye into every corner of social life, and to clarify the universal inaccuracy and disorder in English law. The core of Benthams clarification of English law is to demystify the common law. He vigorously lashes between natural law and common law, because in his eyes, many logical fictions of natural law and common law are just myths. Only through thorough legal reform can we build a truly rational legal order. But Bentham not only proposed a lot of legal and social reforms, but also clarified the potential ethical principles on which these laws are based.

What Is Culture And Cultural Competence - 1328 Words

Recognizing how a person’s values and beliefs shape and influence how they communicate is an invaluable tool in the business world today. This knowledge helps to appropriately tailor conversations and actions to a level where all parties involved are comfortable. This awareness, understanding and sensitivity is known as cultural competence. Introduction: Our partnership with The Society of New Americans (SNA) will help us fortify our mission to broaden access to education by donating bicycles to students who need them. Fittingly, SNA’s mission to increase access to education within the different cultural communities it serves goes hand in hand with our own. All around us is evidence that globalization has resulted in people from different cultures and backgrounds interacting more closely with one another. This is clearly evident when it comes to SNA for their employees and clients come from all over the world. We as a company will need to recognize and appreciate the role that culture plays in our lives and the lives of others in order make our partnership successful. What is culture and cultural competence? Per Wikipedia, Culture is what people eat, how they dress, beliefs they hold, and activities they practice. In order to understand cultural competence we need to first review the definitions of important terms as defined by Rice University and Open Stax College in Chapter 3: Culture: †¢ Cultural competence – an ability to interact effectively with people ofShow MoreRelatedIntercultural Competence : Understanding The Values Of People, Cultures, And Lifestyles1682 Words   |  7 PagesIntercultural Competence are abilities to adeptly navigate complex environments marked by a growing diversity of people, cultures, and lifestyles, which, in other terms, means abilities to perform effectively and properly when interacting with others that are culturally different than them. (Fantini Tirmizi, 2006). When given the relevance for social and political life, the scope of intercultural competence aims to free people from their own logic in order to engage with others and listen to theirRead MoreCultural Competency On Healthcare Delivery824 Words   |  4 Pagesthe need for cultural competency in healthcare delivery requires culturally competent healthcare providers. Each population has its own particular norms and practices that guide their lifestyles; there fore, a challenge arises for health care providers to learn to provide culturally sensitive care to clients from diverse cultural backgrounds (Waite and Calamaro 2010). The ever changing population of the U.S. signifies a much needed change in health care delivery to different cultures. The U.S. BureauRead MoreCultural Competence Essay614 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment 5 Cultural competence has to do with one’s culture. Culture affects among other factors, how children are raised, how families communicate, what is considered normal or abnormal, ways of coping with issues, the way we dress, when and where we seek medical treatment, and so forth. I should know because I come from a very cultural home where it is considered bad to talk to a male doctor about anything gynecological. Cultural Competence is important for many reasons. First, it can helpRead MoreCulture Competence Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesThese nine terms are all correlated and intertwined with each other. Without one, like culture, you cannot have the other, such as diversity. If one is going to work as a health care professional, they must know these terms and be able to respect the meaning of each one. A meaning of a word can differ from person to person, depending on his or her culture and upbringing. Culture in a general sense is patterns, behaviors, beliefs, values, customs and life ways that have been passed on from personRead MoreDiversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pages Diversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy A therapist will face problems, issues and client troubles everyday. The professional must understand how their client relates to the world around them. These feelings and ideas affect how the client sees the problem and how they respond to their situation. Their actions, in turn, have bearing on individual thoughts, needs, and emotions. The therapist must be aware of the clients history, values, and culture in order to provide effectiveRead MoreValues and Ethics in Social Work, Cultural Competency Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesOne such aptitude is Cultural Competence and Social Diversity, which is in section 1.05 of the NASW code of ethics (National Association of Social Workers, 2008). 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Looking at the book from the first chapter to the eighth chapter one would realize that it explains culture from different perspectives ranging from man’s ethnical culture, to his organizational culture and his personal culture. In this book, Edward Hall uses his experiences to explain what frames the thinking and understanding of cultures outside the Western culture after having travelled theRead MoreRecognizing the Need for Cultural Change1137 Words   |  5 PagesNeed for Cultural Change Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cultural awareness 3. Cultural sensitivity 4. Cultural competence 5. Cultural humility 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction United States of America demographics profiles illustrates a nation rich in culture and culture diversityRead MoreTranscultural Nursing And Its Relationship With Cultural Competence1131 Words   |  5 Pages Cultural Diversity in Nursing Mandy Koontz Henderson Community College Nursing Semester 1 â€Æ' Abstract This paper explores 4 published articles that report on research conducted online about transcultural nursing and its relationship to cultural competence. This paper will define transcultural nursing and its history, discuss the importance of transcultural nursing in today’s global environment, define cultural competence and identify the role of the nurse when caring for persons from diverse

Interpersonal Communication Everyday Encounters By Julia...

Communication is a part of our everyday life, which leaves a great deal of room for errors and problems to arise. One communication problem that a lot of people face in college and throughout their lives are bad first dates. Due to the extreme frequency that bad dates occur in society, my group decided to discuss it for our communication problem. The group was composed of Jacqueline Kaplan, Zach Barclay, James Prell, and myself. Our main points throughout the presentation were listening, body language, invasive communication, and self-disclosure, which seen to be the main components to dating. Many of these topics were covered in our book Interpersonal communication: Everyday Encounters by Julia Wood. Our group worked on all the components of the project together, which included the research, reference pages, scripts, and the PowerPoint. I believe our decision to not assign specific tasks to a single individual allowed us to fully understand all the information and get along better d ue to the fact we all were doing the same amount of work. In a group setting, we had to work together and communicate with one another in order to create a suitable presentation. One thing I saw that our group thrived at was listening to one another. Our book defines listening as the â€Å"active, complex process that consists of being mindful, physically receiving messages, selecting and organizing messages, interpreting messages, responding, and remembering (Wood, 2016).† Each group member had toShow MoreRelatedReflection On Interpersonal Communication1724 Words   |  7 Pagescan be applied to everyday life. For instance, when we talked about non-verbal communication, I realized that it is impossible to not communicate. There are many activities, other than the use of language, that allow us to draw meaning from something we observe. When my mother widens her eyes at me without stating a word, I understand she is telling me to think twice about the action I’m about to take. It has been great to be able to assign concepts and vocabulary to interpersonal relationships andRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy of Needs and How Belonging Needs Apply to Me838 Words   |  4 Pageschapter of her book, Interpersonal Communication Everyday Encounters, Julia T. Woods (2013) examines how various interpersonal communications satisfy basic human needs. She starts off by examining Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs places the most important needs as the Physical Needs for Survival (1968). These include the need for air, food, reproduction, and all the other needs for basic survival as a species. While some of this may be obvious in our communications, i.e. a baby cryingRead MoreMindful Listening801 Words   |  4 PagesA few words by Teresa on Listening Steven Henagar’s College Teresa Palacios Communication Arts Dani Liese Assignment Issue Date: Week 3 Being Mindful Listening â€Å"Mindfulness is a choice. It is not a talent that some people have and others don’t.† Abstract The very first step in listening is the decision to be mindful. Mindfulness is being present, fully in the moment. I knew, I was in for a beating as soon as I started to read this subject on mindfulness. It is definitivelyRead MoreFoster Children Attachment Styles1395 Words   |  6 Pagessocially and emotionally normal there must be at least one primary caregiver and this is what tends to be the problem with children in foster care. Julia T. Woods author of Interpersonal Communication Everyday Encounters describes attachment styles as â€Å" patterns of caregiving that teach us who we and others are, and how to approach relationships†. (Woods, 2007) She also goes on to explain that â€Å"the first bond is especially important because it forms the child’s expectations for later relationshipsRead MorePerception Is A Matter Of Interaction Between The World And The Self1534 Words   |  7 Pagesprocesses; selection, organization, and interpretation. Also perception involves age, culture, and personality. Even though perception is largely cognitive and psychological process, how a person perceives people and objects around them affects their communication. Active processes are continuous, they blend into one another, and also they are interactive and affects each of the other two. The active process through perception is given massive amounts of stimuli taken in by human’s senses, a person willRead MoreRelationship Analysis Paper1603 Words   |  7 Pagesavoiding these gaps. These three most applicable communication concepts in relationships are 1) the field theory, 2) the social exchange theory and 3) the social system theory (Casmir 224). These theories, with respect to this scenario, will be discussed later in this paper. We should communicate In this section, my utmost intentions are to identify why it is so important to communicate with my son, Jack? What could be the aftermaths of poor communication between us? How the above-stated communicationalRead MoreQuestions On Taking Back Your Life Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesunhealthy stimuli result in severe mental illness and on a lesser extent yet still pervasive in our culture are early life adversities including physical and verbal abuses and post traumatic stressors. From these stimuli form unhealthy interpersonal communication skills, and false identity scripts that carryover into adulthood. Further trauma including traumatic brain injuries, environmental exposures, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder compound early life traumas. Often times the stressors proveRead MoreComputer Mediated Communication ( Cmc ) Essay1892 Words   |  8 PagesComputer Mediated Communication (CMC) is communication through technology such as email, text messaging, instant messaging, and social media. There are many aspects of communication that are limited in CMC, including but not limited to; tone, body language, facial expressions, mood, and personality. Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) is a hobbled form of interpersonal communication, therefore when using CMC, I should take into consideration the many restrictions and diminished aspects of CMC makingRead MoreEssay on Nonverbal Communication and Cultural Differences1649 Words   |  7 PagesNonverbal communication has always played an important role in the entire communication process. It may include gestures, kinesics, haptics and other means, which a person incorporates into the communication process. These acts make the communication process more effective an d meaningful. However, nonverbal communication is highly influenced by cultural differences as the context of the culture defines how the message is interpreted. This essay will analyse several types of nonverbal communication suchRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Movie Hitch Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pageshis feelings both Sara and Alex make up and continue their relationship and Allegra and Albert get married. The three concepts of interpersonal communication that were shown and used in the film were reflected appraisal, I-You and I-Thou communication and self-disclosure. In the book. Everyday Encounter: An Introduction to Interpersonal Communication. By Wood, Julia T., Ronald Edward. Sept, and Duncan Jane. Chapter 2 Toronto, Ont.: ITP Nelson, 1998. Print. â€Å"The reflected appraisal is our perception

Cyber Bullying A Non Profit - 814 Words

Cyberbullying Today I’m going to talk about ETCB (End to Cyber Bullying) a non-profit organization, designed to combat cyberbullying in this modern age. By raising awareness throughout the communities and the world. ETCB is instantly accessible online, and phone assistance by certified. The overall goal is to try to make the Internet a safe place for teens. I’m going to tell a quick story about a blind high school student at Huntington Beach that was being bullied by a kid who I think deserved to be suspended, if it wasn’t for Cody Pines, a junior who had stepped in and knocked the bully to the ground to protect the blind student who he knew since the sixth grade. Later on the school district suspended Cody for stepping in and helping the victim. I don’t think that was the right move for the district to do. Now let me ask you a question what would you have done if you had witnessed one of your fellow student being bullied? On The End to Cyber Bullying Organization website states that â€Å"it’s the world’s number one source for that’s always up to date on cyberbullying information, news, and cyberbullying prevention tips†. It also states that cyberbullying is a leading issue in today’s technology society and raising awareness throughout the web and communities is the first step to putting an end to cyberbullying. There are a lot of reasons why some people bully. One of them is the bully may see it as a way of becoming popular, or making themselves lookShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying Is An Action Of Harassing Or Harming People Using Technology945 Words   |  4 PagesCyber bullying is an action of harassing or harming people using technology. It is increasing with the increasing technology. People of all ages are victims for this where majority of them are teenagers. It includes posting rumors or gossip about a person and insulting them or sometimes it may include morphing of their photos and posting them in social media networks to embarrass them. A victim can t cyber predict the cyber bully and is difficult to know that person. A cyber bully can be any unknownRead MoreAn Increase in the Worlds Technology Brings and Increase in Cyber Bullying 762 Words   |  4 PagesCyber Bullying The increase in the world of technology comes with a horrific price. According to a non-profit organization for social revision, â€Å"eighty-one percent of adolescents think bullying online is easier to get away with than bullying in person.† (11 Facts About Cyber Bullying). Universally, there is controversy involving stronger laws for cyber bullying. Unfortunately, many individuals live by the motto â€Å"Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.† People also believeRead MoreA Treatment of Solutions to Bullying in Schools Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesBullying has always been present within the United States. Although the issue has been around for a long time, it continues to grow and become more of problem. It is said that about 160,000 children within the United States are refusing to go to school because of bullying. Another statistic is that within American schools alone, there are an estimated 2.1 billion bullies and 2.7 billion victi ms (Dan Olewus, MBNBD). The numbers presented here are outrageous and although there are organizations toRead MoreBullying Is An Emotionally Draining Issue Prominent Across The World Today1111 Words   |  5 PagesSenior English 18 January 2017 Rough Draft Bullying is an emotionally draining issue prominent across the world today. Bullying is unacceptable, and there are many, if not several movements in an effort to end bullying once and for all. Throughout the course of this essay, I am going to discuss the issue of bullying, and formulate an argument towards the issue at hand. In this argument, I will show my support in the fight against bullying. A lot of things have changed throughout the courseRead MoreWorkplace Bullying Mediation And Anti Bullying Training Courses Online1019 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Bullying Mediation and Anti-Bullying Training Courses Online in Australia and internationally DO YOU AVOID OR FEAR MANAGING CONFLICT, WORKPLACE BULLYING, OR HARASSMENT AMONGST WORKERS, MANAGERS, DIRECTORS, BOARD MEMBERS? Do you have the skills to identify, prevent and manage situations of conflict, before they escalate? If not, you may be risking harm to your workers and your organisation. Personally you may also be liable to being sued. our online Anti-Bullying course is available as aRead MoreThe Legal Issue Of Cyberbullying Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment will illustrate my opinions on how the legal issues could be managed or avoided. The first legal issue is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying or alternatively termed electronic bullying is a legal issue as that is defined as using electronic means of communication as a medium to carry out continuous acts of bullying towards a victim. This definition is supported by this quote â€Å"an aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly andRead MoreCyber Bullying Is A New Form Of Bullying2119 Words   |  9 Pagesrisks come in the form of cyber bullying and targets a generation that is on average aged 12-18 years old and who uses the internet about 13.3 hours a week (Kowalski 2008: 4). Description of the problem Cyber bullying is a new form of bullying in which technology is used as a tool to bully someone from a device, most commonly via social media. Over the past ten years it has grown to be the center of media attention as more and more children are falling victim to this cyber assault. The traditionalRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effects On Our Society938 Words   |  4 PagesBullying in the Digital Time Cyberbullying is the use of electronic devices with the intent of inflicting harm on another. Cyberbullying has steadily increased with new technology. Many international organizations and campaigns have emerged to defend the victims of this crime. An anti-bullying organization came about by youth in Canada to address the issues surrounding bullying in our society. This advocates for bullying awareness online, insisting that not enough government attention has been givenRead MoreCyber-Bullying and Teen Suicide2391 Words   |  10 PagesUnited States, there is a need for legislation that promotes awareness and education about Cyber-Bullying. by R. Hassan February 8, 2011 Fourth Period Mr. Cicala Robinson Secondary School Since Teen suicide is the second leading cause of teenage death in the United States, there is a need for legislation that promotes awareness and education about Cyber-Bullying. Due to the growth of technology in the American society, the younger generations of adolescentsRead MoreEssay on Causes and Effects of Teen Suicide599 Words   |  3 Pages An average of 276,000 youngsters between the ages 15-25 years tries to kill themselves every year; 5000 succeed. The most common causes? Stress, bullying, failed relationships, abuse, and failures at studies. Teenage suicide is wrong, it indicates how ruthless today’s society is, and it proves that sometimes, teenagers feel like they can’t be understood or accepted, that they don’t have an adult or close friend to consult to. Teenage suicide is truly sad, to even think that someone feels the absolute

Disaster in Franklin County free essay sample

Disaster in Franklin County Katherine Helm Western Governor’s University May 2013 Role of the Major Public Health Personnel In the event of a disaster, the community relies upon the public health personnel to evaluate the needs of the community, assess the available resources, provide reliable information, and coordinate health activities. It is essential that local health workers are trained professionals who are reassuring and organized to address health, social, cultural and material concerns of the community. Local health personnel coordinate social services, transportation, available health services, volunteers, outside assistance, public utilities and rescue work (HELP, 1989). The public health nurse is an integral public health team member and is uniquely qualified to serve the population. The public health nurse effectively communicates and collaborates with the local health department and other groups and agencies to mobilize resources required during a disaster. The public health nurse possesses knowledge about the community population and can help identify possible gaps in available services (Public Health Nursing, 2005). Also, as in the simulation of the Disaster in Franklin County, the public health nurse functioned as part of the canvassing team sent to conduct door-to-door interviews of the residents. The team was able to assess the health and safety status of residents living within a flood zone and provide immediate assistance based upon identified needs (Disaster in Franklin County, 2006). Chain of Command The Public Health Command System for the Franklin County simulation is lead by the Incident Commander who enlists the Deputy Director to appoint section chiefs and command staff who will comprise the Public Health Incident command team. The team and the assigned responsibilities are as follows: 1) Planning Chief: Responsible for gathering and analyzing information to formulate the incident action plan. 2) Public Information Officer: Works through the EOC to ensure consistent public health communications. 3) Liaison Officer: Point of contact for supporting agencies and assistant to the incident commander. 4) Operations Chief: Organizes tactical field resources. 5) Logistics Chief: Acquires space, supplies, and equipment for operations to be able to function. ) Finance/Administration Chief: Ensures contracts and finances are in place for the The public health nurse is also part of the Incident Command Team. As a single resource, the public health nurse is part of the Nurse Strike Team. The PHN would report to the leader of the Nurse Strike Team. The Strike Team reports to the Medical Care Group who then reports to the Operations Chief within the Incident Command (FEMA, 2010). Available Resources The public health nurs e has many resources available to help assist residents after a natural disaster. The priorities after a disaster such as a flood are for providing services in high-risk areas such as adequate and safe water, basic sanitation facilities, liquid and solid waste disposal, shelter, food protection, and personal hygiene. The public health nurse has access to written literature that can be provided to residents who are safe to remain in their homes, which describe food and water safety as well as hygiene measures. If residents are willing to leave an unsafe living environment, the public health nurse is able to locate shelters for temporary safe housing. Epidemiology specialists are available to the nurse if signs of a possible disease outbreak has been detected or suspected. The nurse will have access to mental health counselors as well to assist the community in adjusting and adapting to the disaster. And finally, the public health nurse has access to current, accurate information through the public health incident team. It is essential that members of the community be provided with updated, timely information to recover from the disaster (PAHO, 1981). Door-to-Door Actions Taken During the course of the door-to-door interviews, the nurse encountered several possible emergency situations. One of the residents, Mr. Fugate, requires daily blood pressure medications and was out of the medication. The nurse was able to assess that his blood pressure was currently in a normal range. However, Mr. Fugate would require close monitoring until the prescription could be obtained. The nurse was able to refer the resident to a local shelter where he could be closely monitored and receive emergency care if needed (Disaster in Franklin County, 2006). Mr. Westlund was concerned about having toxic chemicals in his shed that had been damaged. He also had flooding in his basement. The public health nurse was able to make a call to the environmental health specialist to have the HAZMAT team dispatched for potential hazard waste clean up and to provide Mr. Westlund with information for post-flood cleanup of his basement (Disaster in Franklin County, 2006). There was concern within the Alvarez household that a generator was not being properly ventilated during use. Although Mrs. Alvarez did not speak English, the nurse was able to speak to her son and provided him with safety instructions for the generator. She also provided written material in both English and Spanish on food and water safety since the power at the Alvarez house was out (Disaster in Franklin County, 2006). Actions to Help With Coping While conducting door-to-door interviews, the public health nurse identified that there were concerns at the Fuhr household for lack of basic provisions. Mrs. Fuhr was experiencing anxiety over the situation. The public health nurse provided options to Mrs. Fuhr, providing her the opportunity to be involved in making decisions, which should help to relieve some of her anxiety. The nurse also suggested a social service visit to provide available resources for the next several weeks. Listening, validating concerns, and providing current accurate information are all techniques available to the public health nurse to help calm the fears of the community members. Referrals to mental health agencies should be offered as an option to help residents adjust, adapt, and cope with the stressors that occur during the disaster recovery period (Disaster in Franklin County, 2006). Preparing Other Nursing Personnel Pre-disaster planning and education is essential for post-disaster recovery. It is important to plan for major disasters and events that are likely to occur within a community. Every community agency should be involved and actively be a part of the plan for it to be effective. The disaster plan should be tested periodically to ensure that during the course of a live disaster, the plan is still valid (PAHO, 1981). Part of the disaster planning should include comprehensive training of health professionals in areas of first aid, search and rescue, and public hygiene. Nursing personnel working in every aspect of the healthcare industry should be recruited to respond in the event of a disaster and trained to function in the role of a public health nurse (PAHO, 1981). Resources FEMA Emergency Management Institute. (2010). Introduction to the Incident Command System for Healthcare/Hospitals. Retrieved from training. fema. gov/EMIWeb/IS/courseOverview. aspx? code=is-100. hcb Health Education Library For People. (1989). Coping With Natural Disasters: The Role Of Local Health Personnel And The Community. Retrieved from www. ealthlibrary. com/book47_chapter800. htm Pan American Health Organization. (1981). Emergency Health Management after Natural Disaster. Retrieved from http://epdfiles. engr. wisc. edu/dmcweb/BC06EmergencyHealthManagement. pdf Public Health Nursing, (2005). The Public Health Nurse Role In Bioterrorism/Disaster Preparedness. Retrieved from publichealthnursing. webs. com/disasternursing. htm Regents of the University of Minnesota. (2006) . Disaster in Franklin County, A Public Health Simulation. Retrieved from https://cpheo1. sph. umn. edu/fcs/index. asp

Company Is Required To Follow Guidelines -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Company Is Required To Follow Guidelines? Answer: Introducation The annual report of the company is the report which represents the detailed financial statements of the company for that particular period and along with that the directors report and the independent auditors report is also included in the annual report. Through this report, the financial report of the company has been analyzed. The company that has been chosen for the purpose of the analysis is the Blue Sky Alternative Investment Limited. The main body of the report has been divided into seven parts. The first part is dealt with the composition of the equity of the company. The second part deals with the income tax expense for the current year as stated in the financial statements. The third part deals with the comparison of tax expense with the net profit of the company. The fourth part deals with the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities of the company. The fifth part deals with the recording of income tax provision in the financial statements and how the same is d ifferent with income tax expense. The sixth part deals with the analysis of the tax expense as shown in the cash flow statement and the last part deals with the overall analysis of the equity and tax expense of the company. The report is then ended up with the conclusion and recommendation. The consolidated statement of changes in equity has provided the composition of the equity. It consists of four major parts. These are as follows: Contributed Equity It is that part of equity which represents the amount that has been received from the shareholders of the company in lieu of the shares issued to them. Reserves It consists of that part of profits which are available for use for the specified purpose. For instance, employee shares option reserve, redemption reserve, etc. Accumulated Profits It consists of the every years balance of the profit that has been accumulated and is available for use for general purpose. Non Controlling interest It represents that portion of the share in the company which is not sufficiently large and is only regarded as the measure of control. There have been changes observed over the past year. These are Contributed equity has been increased by $1,002,000 due to the issue of shares made during the year. Reserve has been increased due to the creation of employees share option reserve. Accumulated profit has been increased by $20,634,000 being the profit for the year and has been decreased by $10,783,000 being the dividend paid by the company during the year. At the end the accumulated profit has been achieved at $26,664,000. Non Controlling interest has been increased by $51,000 as part of the profit of the year and then decreased by disposition of non controlling interest amounting to $12,322,000 and by dividends amounting to $5,672,000 and at the end the non controlling interest is negative $293,000 (Company Official Website, 2017). The current income tax expense as reported by the company in the financial statements of the company is $4,771,000. The same has been reported in Note number nine of the financial statements of the company. As per the accounting policy of the company, current income tax expense is the tax payable on that periods taxable income. The taxable income is calculated by applying the provisions of the income tax law. As per the income tax law, some additions were made and accordingly the taxable income is arrived. On that taxable income, the tax is calculated by multiplying with the applicable Australian taxation rate. As per the consolidated statement of profit and loss account, the income tax expense consists of the current income tax and the amount of deferred tax. The total tax expense is $9,043 but the related current tax expense that has been included in that amount is $4,771,000. The screen shot of the same is given in Appendix (Company Official Website, 2017): No, the tax expense as reported in the financial statements of the company namely consolidated statement of profit and loss will not be equivalent to the tax expense so arrived after multiplying the accounting income with the Australian taxation rate applicable for the year ending 30th of June 2017. The same has been depicted with the reconciliation statement that has been prepared and made available for the purpose of analysis at note number nine of the financial statements of the company. The note number nine shows that there have been tax effects amounts which are nondeductible and taxable which has been included in the calculation of the current tax expense. The reconciliation statements have been produced below so as to check and confirm the reason for the difference between the two Tax Expenses Particulars Amount in $000 Profit before income tax 29,728 Tax at the Australian tax rate of 30% 8,918 Tax effect deductible/(taxable) Franked distribution (895) Non-deductible 148 Non-assessable income 113 Deferred tax balances not brought to account (661) Foreign Tax Rate Effect 1,420 Expense - Income Tax 9,043 Stated in Consolidated Statement 9,043 (Company Official Website, 2017) Because of the above non deductible and tax effects, there is the difference between the income tax as reported in the financial statements and the tax expense so calculated by applying the income tax rate to profit before tax. As per the accounting policy of the company, the company has to mandatorily report the deferred tax assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and accordingly charge the deferred tax expense or deferred tax income in the consolidated statement of the profit and loss. Following are the deferred tax asset and liabilities reported in the financial statement of the company: Deferred Tax Asset set off against deferred tax liability - $8,584,000 Deferred Tax Liability before set off - $19,459,000 and after set off - $10,875,000 (Company Official Website, 2017). The deferred tax asset and liability is created only when there are temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized only when there is the probable certainty that the company will have the taxable income in the coming future years which will be able to set off the deferred tax assets so created. The carrying value of the deferred tax assets is evaluated at the end of the each year and accordingly the additions or deletions are made. The deferred tax liabilities are recognized in all the cases except the areas which involves the investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and in case any tax or liability arises from the recognition of the goodwill individually (AASB, 2012). Both the deferred tax assets and liabilities can be offset in case it is legally enforceable and pertains to the same tax authority. Yes, the company has made the provision for income tax and mentioned as income tax payable amounting to $1,345,000. Yes, the company has recorded the current assets for the financial year ending 30th of June 2017 amounting to $33,200,000. The company has off set the deferred tax assets with the deferred tax liability amounting to $8954 because of the reason that the offset is allowable as they belongs to the same authority (Company Official Website, 2017). The difference between the current tax expense and the income tax provision is that the former includes the tax effect on the temporary differences whereas the latter only includes the tax payable on the income. No the income tax expense shown in the consolidated income statement and the income tax expense shown in the cash flow statement will not be the same. It is because of the following reasons: The tax expense shown in the consolidated statement of profit and loss account includes not only the tax expense but also the tax effects on the temporary differences. Thus it includes the deferred tax expense. Cash flow statement represents the actual inflow of cash and outflow of cash that has occurred during the period. It does not take into account the accruals. The tax expense shown in the consolidated cash flow statement will be the amount of tax which has been paid by the company during the period under consideration for which the financial statements have been prepared. After analyzing the tax expense in detail with the understanding of the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities, I have found the analysis of tax expense very interesting and easy. The companys financial statements have given the way as to how to deal with the tax expense related in different scenarios. Like in the profit and loss tax expense is different and under the current liabilities the amount of tax expense gets differs which has enable me to understand the different aspects of the tax expense in detail. Secondly the reconciliation has cleared the doubt on the tax on the accounting income as mentioned in the income tax expense reconciliation statement. Conclusion The annual report is mainly presented by the companies to the shareholders and other stakeholders of the company so that every potential investor and the existing investor can have the knowledge as to how the company is working and how far the company has ensured the transparency in its disclosure of the financial statements. The main focus of the report has been on the equity and the tax expense including the deferred tax expense. To conclude the report, it is obvious that the company is required to follow the guidelines of the accounting standards along with the Australian taxation law and accordingly shall make the best possible disclosure wherever possible. As per the analysis of the financial statements, the recommendation will be that more transparency shall be ensured in the financial statements so that every common layman can understand each and every aspect. References AASB, (2012), Income Taxes, retrieved from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB112_07-04_COMPsep11_07-12.pdf accessed on 24/01/2018. Company Official Website, (2017), Annual report, retrieved from blueskyfunds.com.au/us/ accessed on 24/01/2018.

The importance of observations in education free essay sample

Observation is the best tool we have to understand how children are learning and developing around us. Other than in a classroom environment, we can sit in cafes or listen to conversations taking place on a train. However, this essay will recognize the importance of observations in an institutional early years setting. It will then go on to reflect upon values, ethics and professionalism as we use these different strategies for observation. This essay will also consider the suitability for certain types of observation in particular settings. Sharman, Cross and Vennis (2007) showed that observations are means of noting down a fact or gathering information for a purpose during an activity. Beaver et al (2007) showed that observations help us to understand the patterns of children’s development, as well as clearly identifying difficulties a child may have, so that we can cater to their individual needs as they may require specific support such as speech and language therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of observations in education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Beaver et al (2007) explain how observations help the adult to understand the child as an individual as well as a chance to provide information about the child to the parents or any adults who have involvement with the child. Observations should be thought of as tools that help us meet the needs of children and help us learn more about our own provisional settings (Palaiologou, 2008). One of the main reasons why we observe children in the Early Years is to see if the children in our care are following the flow and the pattern of our particular setting as well as measuring the progress and achievements of children against the recognized milestones and national targets. Completing several observations regularly over a course of time will clearly display the progress of the child in each of the different areas of development. Palailogou (2008) cites The Statutory Framework for the EYFS (DCSF, 2008a, p. 16) asserts that Ongoing assessment is an integral part of the learning and development process. Providers must ensure that practitioners are observing children and responding appropriately to help them make progress from birth  towards the early learning goals. Assessments should be based on practitioners’ observations of what children are doing in their day to day activities. It is important to be as objective as possible as shown by Palaiologou (2008) that when taking out observations and keep an open mind to the information that is being recorded. It is vital that the observer has not â€Å"labeled† the child, whether it is positive or negative as this can affect the outcome of the observation altering the truth to what has been noted. Beaver et al (2007) explain observations should be taken out by more than one adult to see different viewpoints therefore enhancing objectivity and also enable the practitioners to compare and analyse their individual observation skills. Beaver et al (2007) explain that observations are taken to show the quality of education that has been received by the children, and for practitioners to develop their professional practice. It is essential that all observers are objective and recognise every child’s values and beliefs. Palaiologou (2008) states The Local Safeguarding Children Board Regulations (2006) were set up as part of the need to promote and protect children’s welfare including bullying, accidents, discrimination and providing children with access to all well-being services. In Early Years settings that follow strategic frameworks, observers need to consider this set of criteria before taking out an observation. The observations that take place are in the best interest of the child; The observations will help the education programme; The observations will help to understand the child’s development; The observations will inform practice and promote children’s learning; The safety and protection of the child is ensured. â€Å"Participant† and â€Å"Non-Participant† are two main observation techniques illustrated by Schmidt (2005) to be used by practitioners. Participant observation is well known and often practiced within Early Years settings. An observation can have a great impact on whether how much a practitioner engages with the child they are observing or not. For example, if the practitioner talks to a child whilst observing them as they are doing an  activity, they might make extra effort to please the adult in some way, which in turn affects the outcome of the observation. Schmidt (2005) also explains a participant observation is when the observer is directly involved in the activity in some way as they are recording the observation. This allows adults without special training to carry out an observation, however, this type of observation can be limiting as it can be difficult to include any detailed information, so may not give a clear picture of what truly happened at the t ime. Schmidt (2005) illustrates that Non-Participant observations require the adult to sit separately from the task and to act simply as an observer of the child or the activity rather than a trained professional as they are writing the observation. Palaiologou (2008) shows that not being involved with the child can make it easier for the observer to be as objective as possible and to write about what they are seeing happen as the child is working. A Narrative Observation is the most common observation technique used in Early Years settings. This is a record of events as soon as they occur. Usually the practitioner separates themselves from the activity or child and observes from a distance, being careful not to disrupt the activity. Each observation is brief and is written in the present tense. This is an excellent opportunity to record every detail noticed during the period of the observation including dialogues, movements and emotions. However, as the observer records there is room for bias to be influenced by the observers thought process, which may be interpreted in the wrong way (Palaiologou, 2008). A Checklist is a very useful type of observation as they are carefully planned and prepared before hand. Checklists can be used to observe a large group or just one child. Practitioners in Early Years Settings often use this technique as a starting point to plan new activities for individuals or groups of children. A number of different observers can use the same checklists to ensure all of the information is correct and consistent. However an important piece of detailed information can be missed out of the observation because it is not listed as one of the points to record. (Smidt, 2005) Diagramatic technique is a focus-based observation that can be carried out in many ways such as: Tracking; The use of sociograms; The use of histograms; The use of bar charts and pie charts. Tracking simply allows the adult to observe the amount of time a child spends on an activity, although it does not include an explanation as to why they chose it. Beaver et al (2007) explains this can be beneficial to Early Years practitioners as their schedules include time to free play during the school day. A Sociogram is a tool used to observe children’s social development. This reveals the child’s ability to socialize with other children and adults and monitor their popularity through the group. (Smidt, 2005) Histograms are taken over a long period of time to follow the areas of development and are similar to bar charts in that they allow you to focus on any area you choose. This would be useful to use if you were measuring behaviour in an Early Years Setting for example, as you would get a very clear profile at the end of the term. Bar Charts and Pie Charts can be useful techniques for collecting information about groups or individual children. The disadvantage is that this technique does not allow much room for specific facts. (Schmidt, 2005) The Time Sampling technique of observation helps to identify how and when a certain type of behaviour occurs. The advantage of this type of observation is that it helps you to remain objective, as you know what type of behaviour you are looking for. This also allows you to collect data on several children or on several behaviours at a time and the information is collected at certain decided intervals throughout a given period of time. However, because the information is collected at specific intervals of time, there are things that are not recorded. Event sampling also focuses on a specific behaviour than has been selected previously. This is used to study the conditions under which particular behaviours occur. As this technique looks at very specific behaviours, it can lack detail. Media Techniques allow an extremely detailed form of observation. Although this method cannot replace traditional methods of observation, this offers very accurate information, which is unbiased and objective and can be used in all age groups and in a variety of settings. (Sharman, Cross and Vennis, 2007) After the observation is completed the information needs to be collected, collated and then analysed before recorded as evidence. This can be very difficult as the practitioners need to look at the information considering all the facts whilst attempting to remain as objective as possible. From the findings of my research and from my own five years experience as an early years classroom teaching assistant in the British educational system, I feel that both subjective and objective strategies previously mentioned may hold equal significance depending of the physical setting of the observation and the period of time over which these observations have been completed.

How to Choose Word Sample Essays

How to Choose Word Sample EssaysWord sample essays are the first thing that most students look for in choosing an English course. They are short, easy to read, and can be helpful in preparing for the written portion of an exam. But how do you select the best ones?To find a good word sample essay, first, make sure that it is written by someone who is knowledgeable about the topic. If the writer is a very good writer, but is not knowledgeable about the subject, chances are that the essay will be full of grammatical errors. In addition, the writer will probably try to fill the essay with unfamiliar slang words and incorrect spellings.Second, read the sample essay through carefully. Don't rely on the first paragraph alone to tell you how good the rest of the piece is. Find out what other pieces the writer has written. It is important to learn what makes an excellent essay.Next, ask someone else to read the sample essay. This person will give you a good indication as to whether or not the essay is appropriate for the course. If the writer reads another sample essay, he or she will be able to tell you what he or she thought about it. On the other hand, if the writer cannot recall what the sample essay said, you can't be sure that he or she will write an acceptable essay.Some word sample essays are meant to teach the writing student about what they should expect from their college. Others are meant to be brief 'exercises' for the student to use in the mid-term and end-of-semester. Either way, it is important to choose a sample essay that can be used for both purposes.If the sample essay has a wide variety of topics, you will be forced to pick one topic and work on itfor the entire assignment. You can begin with the broad topic and narrow your focus as the assignment progresses. By choosing a broad topic, you will also be less likely to get sidetracked during the coursework. The same goes for a sample essay that includes many specialized topics.Finally, once you have c hosen a sample essay, review it carefully. The writer should be aware of his or her mistakes and correct them before you start. If you don't see yourself making certain errors, ask for help.Once you have found an essay that fits your needs, take the time to read the entire piece carefully. In addition to finding spelling and grammatical errors, you will be able to determine whether the writer's understanding of the material is correct. As a result, you can get the most from your English class.

Arab Crusades essays

Arab Crusades essays Popular perceptions paint the Crusades as an act of Christian aggression toward as alien Eastern culture. Although this was an important catalyst to the declarations of the Crusades, it is in fact not the Arab catalyst of the crusades. Maalouf through Arab chronicles conveys the idea that the major factors that allowed the establishment of the crusaders was political rivalry amongst the Seljuk amirs along with the powerless Abbasid caliph who could do nothing to control the fighting amongst these rulers. The key factors that ultimately expelled the crusaders were the many victories of Saladin that left the crusaders with little land and few men. The rule of the Mamluks around 1250 also let to this expulsion. To begin you must clearly understand the definition of political rivalry to understand how the Arabs believed this to be a key factor of the invasions. Political rivalry is explained as fighting amongst political organizations in order to gain or overtake something or someone (Britannica 2002) . The Seljuks were a group of Nomadic Turkish Warrior Leaders from Central Asia who established themselves in the Middle East during the 11th Century as guardians of the declining Abbasid caliphate. After 1055 they founded the great Seljuk Sultanate. This was an empire centered in Baghdad and including Iran, Iraq, and Syria. During their rule DSlejuk princes struggle for the throne ...

Adolescence problems

Adolescence describes the teenage years between 13 and 19 and can be considered the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood. However, the physical and psychological changes that occur in adolescence can start earlier, during the preteen or tween years (ages 9-12). Adolescence can be a time of both disorientation and discovery. The transitional period can bring up issues of independence and self-identity. Sometimes adolescents may be experimenting with drugs and alcohol or sexuality. During this time, peer groups and external appearance tend to increase in importance. Home BiologyHuman Population and Health Top Problems of Adolescence Most problems of adolescence are due to failure in understanding the anatomical, morphological and psychological changes expected during adolescence. Psychologically, adolescence is such a vulnerable stage that boys / girls of this age are easily carried away by perceptions generated by Misleading and misguiding parents, teachers, friends, brother/sisters. Ignorance of elders. Half informed or ill informed friends, brothers, sisters. Wrongful messages depicted through TV serials, advertisements, films Publications carrying partially or fully false information. Such perceptions can be anything in the range of studies, sex, society, married life, career, religion, politics, or any relevant subject. Every adolescent boy or girl is prone to such exposures which ultimately are retained as perceptions in their minds to form their behavioural patterns. The problems of adolescence are classified as morphological / developmental psychological social educational Some problems are absolutely unimportant and trivial. They could be easily ignored. But even such problems cause great concern to adolescent people. Psychological Problems 3. Social 4. Educational 5. Social Implications Morphological / Developmental Problems Back to Top over growth of hair or undergrowth of hair over weight and underweight skin colour problems Facial deformities, pimples, etc. Limb deformities Abnormal growth of genitals and breasts. Psychological Problems Back to Top Ignorance about many basic facts leads to psychological problems like Misconceptions about sexual feelings, sex related issues. Misconceptions about child birth, reproduction. Misconceptions about coitus, menstrual cycles. Fear about sex and sexual issues. Guilt feeling about sex related issues. Inferiority / Superiority complex about skin colour, beauty, mental ability and IQ. Inexplicable perceptions about dress and fashion codes. Wrong and unrealistic ideologies about friendship and courtship. Perceptional or communicational or preconceived complications about their teachers and parents. Attraction towards opposite sex. Unrealistic and illogical curiosity about sex and sex related issues. Exceptional vulnerability to suicide psychology. Social Back to Top Anticipated unemployment and insecurity due to unemployment. Unwarranted and inexplicable hatredness towards brother / sisters, friends. Intense closeness with brothers / sisters, friends. Unpredictable and volatile relationships with friends. Unrealistic social perceptions about violence, love, sex as influenced by media. Unusually vulnerable and volatile relations with relatives. Fear / imagination about married life, life partners. Educational Back to Top Tensions of attending the classes, examinations and tests. Low IQ feeling. Fear about failure in examination. Fear about low score. Fear and concern about a future career. Misconceptions about teachers. Due to many problems faced during adolescence, the boys and girls of the age between 8 16 form a separate category by themselves. Their problems are specific to themselves. Most of the problems faced by them are perceptional. By timely and effective guidance many of their problems could be solved. Some of them may need medical / psychiatric attention. In India, the parents influence their behaviour, thoughts and are in position to solve many problems if they have positive approach. Despite all efforts being made by parents, teachers, large number of adolescents face one or many problems. When the problem is aggravated, the parents may take them to doctors. But most of them face minor problems modifying their behavioural patterns, personality as a whole. The implications of problems in adolescence can be moral or social. Social Implications Back to Top Future citizen may have a high IQ due to positive thinking and reorientation of their mental resources towards positive personality development. A section of future population may turn into disgruntled, impatient group of people due to grooming of misconceptions about society, love, law, relations, etc. Due to wrong educational policies and ever growing unemployment problems a section of population may turn hostile against the whole society, which breeds and deepens the antisocial activities and perverted thinking. Many of the wrong perception about sex related problems may lead them to unwanted motherhood, anxiety or illegal termination of pregnancy. Some problems during adolescence are decisive in building the personalities (positive and negative) who may or may not utilize the opportunities open to them during their later life. When teachers, parents, brothers /sisters or any close person has positive dominant personality to effectively guide the adolescent at right time they turn out to be very useful section of future population. Imaginary fear, imaginary anxieties and unrealistic expectations as well as host of strong misconceptions may ultimately end up with personalities of negative / perverted thoughts. In extreme disillusions, tension, wrongful personality and maladjustments a section of population may have to be psychiatric patients. Psychosis of mild nature may remain untreated and unnoticed. Such people will not do anything useful to the society or their families. Adolescent being influenced by mass media like electronic media, print media or computer culture may be guided or misguided by such exposure. When misguided they are likely to develop negative perception about many social values. The social implications of adolescent problems are dependent upon social structure. In a country like India where family ties are strong due to emotional, financial, religious attachments the gravity of implications are less. But in an individualistic society like US / Europe where family ties are shallow the gravity of implications can be far more serious. Finding help for families, teenagers and children can be a challenge. But there is good news. Information and referral systems are available from our schools, medical offices, news magazines, the yellow pages and even the Internet. Many parents are finding help and discovering resources by asking family, friends and their co-workers. In fact, information and referrals based on a personal recommendation is a great way to find help. Unfortunately, finding help for children and families has become more  difficult than finding help for most adults problems. For instance, health insurance has many restrictions that limit who you can see and what services they can provide. Most of the problems that families and children face are not covered and only certain diagnoses will be treated. Public programs across the country lack adequate funding. The schools have programs, but they desperately need more staff and money to meet the demands that currently exist. There are many private counselors who work with children, but there are only a few who work with families and children who have serious behavioral and emotional problems. The consequence when children don’t get the help they need can be tragic. Parents and families give up when they don’t know what to do, when they are discouraged and when they lack adequate information. Finding and getting help means you need to get oriented and understand the problems and potential solutions. Behavior Problems. In order to deal with a problem it will help a great deal if parents can describe the problem in terms that may lead to a solution. Here are the problems that I see parents and their children facing. Many of these will surface in small children or they may not appear until children become teenagers. Social withdrawal and isolation Refusal to go to school Demanding and selfish attitude Disregard for rules, responsibilities and family functioning Poor study behavior and skills Unfocused or disruptive behavior in classroom Grades and school performance dropping Erratic or emotionally unstable behavior Poor hygiene and grooming Behavior is disrespectful or defiant Involved in high risk and reckless activities Using alcohol or other drugs Skipping school Stealing or theft Destructive, threatening or violent behavior Self-harming or suicidal behavior Typical Causes. It takes time for problems to become critical, life threatening or intolerable. At some point, one can trace the cause to one or more factors. A pattern of problems will usually occur over time before a problem becomes a crisis. Identifying these factors can help characterize the evolution of a problem or a crisis, the appropriate response and the potential solution that may be necessary. Brittle or fragile emotional temperament Social demands exceed current ability Peer and social pressures Failure to provide rules, discipline and a bonded relationship with a child Parental divorce or separation Family conflict and discord Neglect or abandonment Traumatic experience Undiagnosed medical or psychological problem Untreated parental alcoholism, drug abuse or mental disorder Alcohol and other drug use What are the Solutions?. The first step is to define the problem and a potential cause. After that, you need to explore potential solutions. There are at least several dozen potential solutions to any problem. That is a lot to consider. Unfortunately, access to many of these resources may depend on the parent’s employment benefits and their income. Many public programs have waiting lists and may exclude children if the problem is not severe enough. Exclusion from public programs does not mean the problem is minor. Many programs are full and can only take children with more severe problems. The following is a partial list of potential solutions. Self-help Parenting education and training Individual counseling and therapy Group counseling and therapy Parenting consultation and advice Family counseling and therapy Increased parental involvement and supervision Tutoring Special education programs Change schools Outdoor activities or adventure programs Move to a new area Parenting by other family members Foster care Health and human service case management Private school Day treatment therapy program Boarding school Therapeutic boarding school Residential treatment program Medication intervention Psychiatric hospitalization Police or law enforcement response Diagnosis can be misleading. There are many ways to define problems. One of the least useful and potentially harmful is to rely entirely on a diagnosis. A diagnosis alone can be misleading. Many problems are not solved because the problem was diagnosed, the underlying problems were missed or ignored, and the diagnosis suggested an approach that was inadequate and unfocused. A diagnosis can create a false sense of certainty. Why? Because the diagnostic procedures used in mental health are not much more sophisticated than one used to diagnose a headache or a stomach ache. For instance, there are many forms of headaches and stomach aches. There are many things that can cause a headache a tumor, tension, injury, eye strain, diet, disease, flu, allergies, a cold or bacterial infections etc.. In mental health, no matter how rigidly we use diagnostic criteria, or how sophisticated the interview process, we are still looking at patterns that have many origins. There can be many sources and causes for a particular problem – especially family problems that involve children. A traumatic experience can result in many different problems. The behaviors associated with attention deficits and hyperactivity can be caused and maintained by many things. As a result, there are many potential outcomes and approaches, and these can vary with each family, their beliefs, values, attitudes, culture, ethnicity and their resources. Parents need more than a diagnosis. It helps to understand a problem in a manner that can tell us how a potential solution may work. It’s not enough to say that a child is depressed and they need to talk to a counselor. A child who is living in an abusive home may be depressed and emotionally withdrawn, but they don’t necessarily need therapy to express their emotions. The family may be the more important focus and the most important part of the solution. Counseling and Therapy. Counseling and therapy is a mixed bag as far as solutions go. There are more than 200 types of counselors and therapists. Trying to find the right one can be overwhelming or end up a waste of time. There is also a great deal of similarity between some counselors and some therapists. Counseling is not therapy. Counseling usually results in a realization, a plan or a decision. A therapist provides an environment of activities that bring about change – almost like exercise. There are no simple words of advice or a formula that will absolutely insure that your family or child will find the right person. Trial and error may be required. But there are four guidelines that have been shown to increase the likelihood of success. Become invested. Educate yourself, gather information and become actively invested in understanding the problem and selecting a counselor or therapist. Learn how it works. Don’t select a particular counselor or therapist unless you believe they can clearly describe the problem, how their approach to therapy or counseling works, and how that approach will resolve the problem. The relationship heals. The relationship you and your child have with a counselor or therapist as well as their approach are equally important. Work with people you and your child trust, like and believe is competent. Get references. Ask for the names of other parents or professionals who can recommend a potential counselor or therapist. There is no better reference than a credible recommendation and past success with similar problems. Medications. The use of medication can present a real solution and a real problem for most parents. Medications can have a powerful effect on the mood and behavior of children. For parents who have tried everything else, medications can make the difference between a life lost and a chance to become a reasonably successful adult. There are certain realities when one decides to use medication. For one thing, psychiatric medications for behavioral and mental health problems will treat the symptoms and not the cause. Medications do not cure psychological, emotional and behavioral problems. Psychiatric medications that are used to treat depression, anxiety, mood swings, attention deficits, hyperactivity and disorganized thinking always affect another part of a child’s body and brain. These side-effects are not clearly understood and the long term impact on growing children is still uncertain. Law suites are surfacing and legislators are proposing legislation to address recognized dangers in the wrongful medication on children. While one should be cautious about the use of medications to treat behavioral problems, there is certainly a place for these drugs. In severe cases, and cases where parents cannot afford therapy and special schools, medications can bring hope to an otherwise hopeless situation. In some cases, children may require medication to simply participate in school, family activities and counseling or therapy. More importantly, a child’s personality and attitude in life will be damaged if that child is left in a depressed, anxious or otherwise dysfunctional state for an extended period of time. Medication can be a life boat and deterrent against psychological and social trauma that come from serious but temporary problems that would otherwise destroy a child’s attitude toward life. But before you start any medication, ask your pharmacist for information on the side effects. The Power of Parenting and Family. Parents and family members can have the most powerful impact of a child’s behavior, attitude and approach to life. Put simply, children are persuaded and impressed by the people they spend the most time with and the people who matter most. That should be the child’s parents and family. Why? Because a therapist can only provide an exceptional environment, relationship and activities for an hour or so a week. Individual counseling and therapy may not be enough for most children especially if that child is facing social pressure, temptations, painful experiences and inappropriate role models during the remainder of the week. In most cases, individual therapy or counseling without parental or family involvement is not enough. In some cases, therapy and counseling can result in a child developing unrealistic expectation of their parents and family. It is easier to be a therapist than it is to be a parent. This is why family education and involvement in counseling and therapy may be essential. Therapy and counseling should never replace the essential role of parents or a family. It should support those roles. But if parents are unwilling or unable to become involved with their child or in therapy, then therapy can provide the support that some children desperately need. Peers and Social Pressure. At a very early age, many children are profoundly influenced by their peers. It has been repeatedly observed in social science that children learn behaviors and will adopt the attitude of children they are emotionally bonded with. As children begin to bond with other children, they seek approval, advice and even direction for their life. The struggle for independence and separation from parents is a natural process. However, problems will invariably surface, attitudes may become hostile, and values can become lost when parents become less involved with their children. Social pressure is a powerful tendency for children to imitate and adopt the behavior and emotional sensitivity of others. Children begin to think the way they talk with their friends. Children tend to become what they think about.